I've numbered each individual part of the styles palette for easier explanation.

#1 is your foreground color that you select.

#2 is your background color that you select.

#3 is your color spectrum. This palette is showing all colors for images set at a depth of 16 million colors.

#4 is where you set your stroke options for use with either raster or vector text and shapes.

#5 is where you set your fill options for use with either raster or vector text and shapes.

#6 and #7 is where you have the option of using a texture in either your stroke or fill choices that you made in #4 or #5.

#8 shows your RGB values and also what the color looks like when you are selecting a color with your eye dropper/color selector.

The lock box, which is checked on this palette, will save your foreground/background colors for use with the different tools, your paint brush/air brush/fill tool.

In the image to the left the yellow arrow is pointing to the little black triangle which is where you click to produce the sticky flyout which will show you the options that are available for both your stroke and fill buttons. (#4 and #5)

Under the section that's called Styles, the red arrow is pointing to where you click to pick the style you want to use. The first choice, the paintbrush, is for the selection of a solid color.

The second choice is for using a gradient stroke or fill.

In the third choice you have the option of using one of the preset patterns and is where they hid the option of flood filling with an open image.

That fourth one, the circle with the slash through it, is null. That means no selection is made for that button.

Under the next section called Textures you only have two choices, either to use a texture or not for both your stroke and fill buttons.

The blue arrow is pointing to where you click to open up the individual options windows of the styles and textures that you have selected.